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Marie-Esprit-Léon Walras (;〔H. K. Manmohan Singh, ("Marie-Esprit-Léon Walras" ), ''Indian Economic Review'', Vol. 4, No. 1 (February 1958), p. 6: "The final 'S' is to be sounded in the correct pronunciation of the name."〕 December 16, 1834 – January 5, 1910) was a French mathematical economist. He formulated the marginal theory of value (independently of William Stanley Jevons and Carl Menger) and pioneered the development of general equilibrium theory. ==Life and career== Walras was the son of French economist Auguste Walras. His father was a school administrator and not a professional economist, yet his economic thinking had a profound effect on his son. He found the value of goods by setting their scarcity relative to human wants. Walras enrolled in the Paris École des Mines de Paris - MINES ParisTech,〔''Economyths'' (2010) by David Orrell, page 54〕 but grew tired of engineering. He also tried careers as a bank manager, journalist, romantic novelist and a clerk at a railway company before turning to economics.〔 Walras received an appointment as the professor of political economy at the University of Lausanne. Walras also inherited his father's interest in social reform. Much like the Fabians, Walras called for the nationalization of land, believing that land's value would always increase and that rents from that land would be sufficient to support the nation without taxes. Another of Walras' influences was Augustin Cournot, a former schoolmate of his father. Through Cournot, Walras came under the influence of French Rationalism and was introduced to the use of mathematics in economics. Professor of Political Economy at the University of Lausanne,〔 Switzerland, Walras is credited for having founded what subsequently became known, under direction of his Italian disciple, the economist and sociologist Vilfredo Pareto, as the Lausanne school of economics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=The New School, The History of Economic Thought Website )〕 Because for a long time most of Walras' publications were only available in French, only a relatively small section of the economics profession really became familiar with his work. This changed in the 1950s, largely due to the work of William Jaffé, the translator of Walras' main works, and the editor of his ''Complete Correspondence'' (1965). Walras' work was also too mathematically complex for many contemporary readers of his time. On the other hand, it has a great insight into the market process under idealized conditions so it has been far more read in the modern era. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Léon Walras」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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